Yearly Archives: 2019

Dictionary files (.dctx)

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This is not a very important research really. Just a ‘blurb’ of what I observed during my quick tests.

So…

First of all, I noticed that .dctx files are being handled by this program:

  • C:\Windows\System32\IME\shared\IMEWDBLD.EXE

These are dictionary files (source) and are compiled to some other binary format (.dctc AFAICT). These dictionaries seem to be heavily used (and needed?) for Asian languages, so most of info on them can be found online on forums discussing Japanese and Chinese language keyboard input.

Examples: here, and here.

When you open a .dctx file on Windows 10 you will be presented with this dialog box:

When we click OK, we will see another dialog box:

I have not figured out what that means, but it seems to be a highly prevalent error and many users report it. I couldn’t bypass it despite toying around with various parameters embedded inside my test .dctx file. I tried to use variations of English language (US vs. UK), different encoding, etc., but it always comes back with the same error.

Also, after looking at IMEWDBLD.EXE, I noticed that it takes a -v <logfile> command line argument (where -v stands for -verbose, I guess). Using it during testing is a better alternative to that non-descriptive dialog box shown above. After trying to open the very same .dctx with IMEWDBLD.EXE and -v flag enabled I observed this in the ouput of the log file:

Error: Encountered fatal error(0x80070057:The parameter is incorrect.).
Error: There is a problem with the dictionary file. Please try to download again.

Unfortunately, this error is very prevalent inside the binary (IMEWDBLD.EXE), so I didn’t spend too much time trying to figure it out. Okay, if you must know, 0x80070057 stands for an invalid argument. Would be really handy to know which argument triggered it… hmm…..

So, that’s it really.

If you want to play around, this is a minimalistic sample .dctx file you can try to import on your Windows 10 system. Download, and double click. That’s it.

Bonus

I think the IME components are not very well researched and can potentially offer mechanisms that will allow for less-known attacks focused on:

  • persistence
  • bypassing security controls
  • RCE

Why?

They seem to be developed for a niche (but not negligible due to number!) group of users in Asia (Japanese, Chinese), and most likely have been poorly tested. The last IME-related research I could find is here.

Why?

If you look at IMEWDBLD.EXE binary you will notice a bunch of flags that are not documented anywhere on the internet. Hence, they could be limited to a test environment at MS, or only taken into account on OS versions that require IME. The lower the scope, the lower the testing priority. A.K.A. if it is not documented on the Internet, then it’s likely internal.

Some food for a thought:

  • HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\IME\PlugInDict
  • EncryptAllPlugInDict
  • DisableAllPlugInDict

Command line arguments for IMEWDBLD.EXE:

  • -encrypt <unknown>
  • -pluginguid <guid>
  • -w <unknown>
  • -pm <unknown>
  • -v <logfile> – saves the verbose info to logfile
  • -nofilter <unknown>
  • -testing <unknown>

Excelling with sysmon configs

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Writing your own sysmon config is a painful exercise. Well, maybe not if you start from a scratch and only rely on your own research, because there is an organic growth that you fully control.

Sooner or later you will reach the end of your creative ideas though… and will start borrowing ideas from others. You will then want to compare your config against others.

You can find an existing tool that does it for you (recommended), write a proper parser (recommended), or try to cheat and use Excel 😉

Despite it looking like an impossible task, Excel can do a pretty good work extracting rules from a sysmon config. We just need to use a bunch of formulas, and in the end can ‘visualize’ the data using e.g. a pivot table like the one shown here:

or this:

From there, it’s not too far from comparing multiple configs, or even merging them in Excel (I know, I will burn in hell for saying that!).

Anyways… if you are interested in doing similar analysis yourself you can have a look at this workbook. It’s just one of many ways this can be done, and there is plenty of room for improvements.

And if you are wondering what config I analyzed with this ‘tool’, it is the one from ionstorm (kudoz!) & you can download it from here.